Office of Graduate Affairs

GSA Bylaws

• Article I: Name
• Article II: Mission
• Article III: Membership Article
• Article IV: Executive Board and Senate
• Article V: Role Duties of Executive Board Members and Senate
• Article VI: Meetings
• Article VII: Committees, internal and University-wide Article
• Article VIII: Finances
• Article IX: Chartering Student Organizations
• Article X: Event Planning
• Article XI: Travel and Research Grants (TRG)
• Article XII: Elections and Leadership Transition
• Article XIII: GSA Code of Conduct
• Article XIV: Amendments to Bylaws

Article I: Name

The name of this organization shall be the Brandeis University Graduate Student Association (GSA). These bylaws are designed to provide a clear framework for the operation and governance of the Brandeis University Graduate Student Association, ensuring that the organization functions effectively and in the best interests of its members.

Article II: Mission

The mission of the GSA shall be to represent the interests and advocate for the well-being of graduate students at Brandeis University, enhance the graduate student experience through programs and events, and foster a sense of community and engagement among graduate students.

Article III: Membership

3:1. Eligibility

All graduate students in the four schools of Brandeis University who pay the student activity fee shall be members of the GSA.

3:2. Rights

All graduate students shall have the right to attend GSA events. All GSA members shall have the right to attend and participate in GSA meetings, vote in GSA elections, and run for GSA Leadership positions.

Article IV: Executive Board and Senate (GSA Leadership)

4:1. Composition:

• Executive Board
  • President
  • Board of Trustees Representative
  • Director of Programming
  • Director of Treasury & Organizations
  • Director of Public Relations
• Senators (representing the four schools and the Graduate Student Workers’ Union)

4:2. Duties of GSA Leadership:

• The GSA Leadership shall serve as the official elected governing body of the Graduate Student Association, representing graduate students at Brandeis University.
• The Executive Board shall be responsible for implementing and communicating about all GSA decisions, programs, and issues to the graduate student body.
• The Senate shall serve as the official representational body of the Graduate Student Association, representing each of the academic schools and the Graduate Student Workers Union.
• The GSA Leadership shall require all Officers and Senators to comply with all provisions of the Constitution and Bylaws.
• The GSA Leadership shall have authority over matters pertaining to the activities of the GSA or any committee thereof, as determined by a majority vote.
  • See details on voting and quorum guidelines in Article VI.1.
• The GSA Executive Board shall be responsible for reporting the disbursement of their budget to the graduate student community at the end of each semester.
• The GSA Executive Board shall reserve the right to charter or recognize graduate student clubs and organizations, and to grant said chartered clubs’ funding requests.
• The GSA Executive Board, through the role of the Director of Public Relations, shall be responsible for filling positions requiring graduate student representation on University committees. Except for the President and Board of Trustees representative, each Eboard member and Senator shall serve on at least one University Committee. The Executive Board, in collaboration with the GSA Advisor, may identify and appoint individuals to fill additional positions as necessary.
• GSA Leadership members shall be expected to regularly attend all GSA meetings and the GSA retreat/orientation. All members shall be expected to attend at least 60% of GSA meetings and events. Failure to attend without an excused absence may be cause for the loss of their position.
• GSA Leadership members shall maintain consistent communication via meetings and university sanctioned forms of communication with the GSA Advisor and each other.
• Executive Board members and Senators are rewarded for their election and role at the end of each semester.
• All Leadership members shall complete Responsible Reporter training.

Article V: Role Duties of Executive Board Members and Senate (detailed)

5:1: President:

The President provides leadership and strategic direction for the Graduate Student Association (GSA), representing graduate student interests to University Administration and external bodies, and overseeing all GSA activities to ensure alignment with the organization’s mission. As the primary leader of the GSA, the President is responsible for facilitating GSA Leadership meetings, acting as the spokesperson for the organization, and collaborating with GSA Leaders to support their initiatives. This role requires a strong commitment to advocating for the diverse needs of graduate students at Brandeis University.

• Responsible for the overall function and representation of GSA
  • Represent the GSA in meetings with University Administration and external bodies.
  • Oversee the overall operation and governance of the GSA.
  • Act as the primary spokesperson for the GSA.
• Leads GSA Meetings
  • Facilitate Leadership meetings and general assembly sessions, scheduling meetings, calling for agenda items and setting the agenda.
  • Serves as tie-breaker in all voting, but does not vote themselves.
• Coordinates Training / Onboarding, in collaboration GSA Advisor
  • Ensures that Executive Board and Senate members are appropriately trained and complete required trainings, working closely with GSA Advisor.
• Support and coordinate with other Leadership members.

5:2 Board of Trustees Representative:

The Board of Trustees Representative supports the President in leading the Graduate Student Association (GSA), serves as the Graduate Student Representative to the Brandeis University Board of Trustees, and collaborates with the GSA Senators to ensure strong engagement across graduate schools. This position leads the effort to find graduate student representatives for University committees. The Board of Trustees Representative is a key liaison between the GSA and University Leadership, and serves as the President in the President’s absence. This role requires strong leadership, communication, and collaboration skills.

• Represent graduate students on the Brandeis University Board of Trustees
  • Attending any necessary meetings when the Board of Trustees meet each semester.
  • Report Board-related updates to GSA Leadership and the graduate student body.
• Main liaison with the Senate; grows and develops senate membership
  • Ensure Senators provide updates on constituency issues to GSA meetings.
  • Supports Senate engagement with their respective schools.
• Assist the President in organizational leadership and university representation
• Serves as the senior leader of the GSA when the President is unavailable or unable to serve
• Collaborates with GSA Advisor to manage GSA elections
• Serves on at least one University committee

5:3 Director of Programming:

Creates engaging and diverse programming initiatives that cater to the interests and needs of graduate students, fostering community, personal growth, and academic enrichment within our campus. The Director of Programming coordinates event logistics, working closely with the GSA Advisor, and works with the Director of Treasury and Organizations to manage allocated budget, as well as collaborates with other departments and organizations. They develop and implement outreach strategies, organize networking events, and seek opportunities for collaboration with campus partners. This role requires strong networking skills and the ability to effectively engage with a wide range of stakeholders.

• Leads GSAs programming efforts
  • Plan and execute events and activities for graduate students.
  • Develop programs that cater to diverse student needs.
  • Coordinate event logistics and manage budgets, working closely with GSA Advisor and Director of Treasury and Organizations.
  • Collaborate with University departments and external organizations.
  • Evaluate program success and gather feedback for improvement.
• Develops/manages the GSA calendar of events
• Represents GSA in externally based activities.
  • Foster relationships with external organizations, alumni, and the community.
  • Serves on Boston Grad Federation.
• Serves on at least one University committee

5:4 Director of Treasury and Organizations:

Manages the financial resources of the organization, providing support and guidance to affiliated student organizations, and ensuring transparency and accountability in all financial matters to uphold the interests and goals of the graduate student community. This role oversees the GSA’s financial operations, develops financial policies, manages budgets, and provides financial support to student organizations. The position also manages the registration and support of graduate student-led clubs and organizations, developing and maintaining policies and procedures for establishing new student organizations, and helping to recruit club leaders and promote membership. This role requires meticulous attention to detail and strong financial management skills.

• Serves as GSA CFO
  • Manages the financial affairs of the GSA, working closely with the GSA Advisor.
  • Develops and enforces financial policies and procedures and tracks expenditures, providing regular financial reports at GSA meetings.
    • Establishes request for funding (club and TRG) calendar deadlines.
  • Manages all allocations processes
    • Oversees the allocation of funds to student organizations.
      • Notify all requests for funding of approval or not.
    • Oversee the awarding of TRGs
      • Consolidating all applications, review to ensure meets requirements
      • Notify all applicants of approval or not.
    • Supports and monitors GSA clubs and organizations.
      • Organizes a club/org fair at beginning of fall semester.
      • Ensures that all clubs/orgs have student leaders and assist new leaders with club renewal. 3-4 weeks prior to Passover break, reach out to each chartered club to ask about following years’ leadership and re-submit required forms. Deadline is right before Passover break. Ensures all information is updated in Campus Groups.
      • Ensures club requests are heard at GSA meetings.
    • Serves on at least one University committee

5:5 Director of Public Relations:

Enhances the visibility and reputation of the GSA through strategic communication and marketing efforts, managing the GSA’s social media accounts, website, and other communication channels. This role fosters positive relationships with internal and external stakeholders, and promotes the achievements, events, and initiatives of the graduate student community to enhance visibility, engagement, and support. They strengthen community ties by fostering relationships between graduate students and the Brandeis community, including faculty, staff, and administration, as well as with organizations across New England through various outreach strategies. The Director of Public Relations will ensure all GSA communications meet university guidelines and standards.

• Leads GSA marketing and promotion efforts on all channels
  • Develops and implements communication strategies.
  • Manages social media accounts, GSA newsletter, GSA email account and the GSA website, working closely with OGA assistant director.
  • Responds to any outreach from the community (via email or social media) in a timely manner.
  • Fosters positive relationships with the media and stakeholders.
• Oversees taking of minutes at formal meetings
  • Include notes in GSA newsletter
• Work with executive board members and senators to assign representatives to University committees, collaborating with GSA Advisor
  • Ensure committee reps provide regular reports from their committee to GSA for meetings.
    • If representative is internal to GSA Leadership, they can report on their committee themselves; if representative is not part of GSA Leadership, will gather information from them to report at GSA meetings.
  • Creates promotional materials and content and actively markets GSA and GSA events/programs
    • Supports PR for all GSA initiatives
  • Serves on at least one University committee

5:6 Senators:

The GSA Senate shall be the representational body of the GSA Leadership. Senators shall represent their individual school or organization to GSA Leadership and act as a liaison between the two. Working closely with department/program Representatives, Senators shall champion the needs and rights of their graduate student constituents, advocate for policies that enhance their academic and professional experience, and ensure graduate student voices are heard and represented within the University community. They are responsible for developing and implementing advocacy initiatives and campaigns, such as forums to gather student feedback, and meet regularly with the schools’ Deans, GSA Leadership, and other relevant university offices to help resolve issues. Senators shall serve a one-year term, be voting members of the GSA Leadership, contribute to policy discussions and advocacy efforts, and shall assist in organizing and promoting GSA events. Senators serve on at least one University committee.

• Lead GSA advocacy efforts; develop and implement advocacy initiatives
  • Address academic, social, and administrative concerns of graduate students, working with Deans and School staff as well as other GSA Leadership members as appropriate to ascertain issues and advocate appropriately.
  • Liaise with university offices to resolve student issues.
  • Organize forums to gather student feedback.

5:6.1 The roles of the GSA Senate shall be as follows:

Arts, Humanities, Culture Senator

ACH Senator represents and advocates for graduate students within this unit. They hold regular meetings with their constituents to gather information and learn of any issues that may exist. They attend GSA meetings and serve as a liaison between their unit and GSA Leadership.

Social Sciences and Social Policy Senator

SSSP Senator represents and advocates for graduate students within this unit. They hold regular meetings with their constituents to gather information and learn of any issues that may exist. They attend GSA meetings and serve as a liaison between their unit and GSA Leadership.

Science, Engineering and Technology Senator

SET Senator represents and advocates for graduate students within this unit. They hold regular meetings with their constituents to gather information and learn of any issues that may exist. They attend GSA meetings and serve as a liaison between their unit and GSA Leadership.

Economics and Business Senator

EB Senator represents and advocates for graduate students within this unit. They hold regular meetings with their constituents to gather information and learn of any issues that may exist. They attend GSA meetings and serve as a liaison between their unit and GSA Leadership.

Graduate Student Workers Union Senator

GSWU Senator represents and advocates for graduate students within the Union. They hold regular meetings with their constituents to gather information and learn of any issues that may exist. They attend GSA meetings and serve as a liaison between the Union and GSA Leadership.

Article VI: Meetings

6:1. Leadership Meetings:

• The Executive Board and Senate shall meet at least twice a month during the academic year.
• Meetings shall be open to all GSA members, except when the Executive Board is in executive session.
• A quorum for Executive Board meetings shall be a majority of the board members.
  • Quorum will be made up of 2/3 of voting members, excluding the president (i.e., 4/6 votes). Senators will be permitted to vote a collective voting bloc (i.e., 1 collective vote for all senators, determined by a simple majority of the senator vote). All senators present represent 1 vote in the quorum, and only one senator need be present for the senate to count toward the quorum.
  • The President does not vote, but rather serves as a tie breaker when needed.
• GSA meeting agenda items shall include: reports from Senators and University committee representatives detailing information from their constituents/committees; votes to charter club or club funding requests; event planning/updates; goal setting and updates; regular update on finances; sharing of any information from GSA email.
• Meetings may be canceled by prior vote of the Executive Board or at the discretion of the President or Board of Trustees representative.
• Agenda items shall be solicited from Leadership members and set by the President.
• All Leadership meetings’ minutes shall be taken and saved by the Director of Public Relations on the official GSA google drive folder. Reporting format will require the summary of the meeting, list of attendees, and future items to accomplish. Other fields or information may be included at the discretion of the Director of Public Relations.
• All meeting minutes shall be made public to the graduate student body and the link to all official GSA Executive Board meetings’ minutes must be sent to the graduate student body via the bimonthly GSA Newsletter, by the Director of Public Relations.

6:2. General Assembly Meetings:

• The GSA shall hold at least one General Assembly meeting each semester.
• All GSA members are encouraged to attend and participate.
• General Assembly meetings shall include reports from Executive Board members, discussions on key issues, and opportunities for member input.

Article VII: Committees, internal and University-wide

7:1. Internal:

• Formation: The Executive Board may form standing and ad-hoc committees as needed to carry out the work of the GSA.
• Committees shall be chaired by an Executive Board member or a designee appointed by the Executive Board.

7:2. University-wide:

• Representation: The Director of Public Relations shall work with the rest of the Executive Board and Senate to assign representatives to University committees.
• Representatives shall serve as liaisons between the GSA and their committee, reporting back at GSA meetings issues discussed in committees and sharing graduate student needs and concerns with the committees.
• GSA Leadership members shall serve on one committee (required of all except the President and Board of Trustees representative); the Director of Public Relations is responsible for finding other representatives to serve on the remaining committees. Non-GSA Leadership committee representatives do not have to attend GSA meetings, but the Director of Public Relations must gather information regarding their committee prior to GSA meetings in order to give reports.

Article VIII: Finances

8:1. Budget:

• The Director of Treasury & Organizations shall prepare an annual budget, which must be approved by the Executive Board.
  • Director of Treasury & Organizations shall provide up-to-date expenditure information at GSA meetings.
• The budget shall include allocations for events, programs, student clubs and organizations (inclusive of both ongoing and new clubs), TRGs and operational expenses.

8:2. Expenditures:

• All expenditures must be authorized by the Director of Treasury and Organizations and approved by the President and Executive Board.
• Financial transactions shall be documented and reported to the Executive Board.

8:3. Fundraising:

• The GSA may engage in fundraising activities to support its programs and initiatives.
• Fundraising efforts must be approved by the Executive Board.

Article IX: Chartering Student Organizations

9:1. Purpose:

The GSA shall support the creation and development of student organizations that enhance the academic, social, and professional experiences of graduate students, working closely with the GSA Advisor.

9:2. Application Process:

Interested groups shall submit a charter application to the Director of Treasury & Organizations (information can be found on the Graduate Student Organizations webpage). The application shall include the organization’s name, mission statement, proposed activities, and a list of at least five prospective members. The application shall also include the names and contact information of the proposed organization's officers/leadership.

9:3. Review and Approval:

The Director of Treasury & Organizations shall review the application to ensure completeness and alignment with the GSA’s mission. GSA Leadership shall vote on the application at the next scheduled board meeting. A simple majority vote of the Leadership members present shall be required for approval. Organizations may receive recognition by completing the appropriate steps outlined on the website. Recognition shall be valid for the remainder of the academic year in which application is approved. An organization shall be required to have active leadership on an annual basis to remain active, requiring confirmation of the status of the organization to the Director of Treasury & Organizations. Any organization that does not have active representation will be removed from the official recognized list, found in Campus Groups. Organizations shall adhere to all GSA and University policies and procedures.

• Benefits: Recognized organizations/clubs shall receive the following benefits:
• Inclusion in Brandeis club listings.
• Ability to reserve spaces on campus.
• Use of the Brandeis name in association with the name of the club/organization.
• Access to funding through the Graduate Student Association.

9:4. Post-Approval Requirements:

Approved organizations shall submit an annual report to the Director of Treasury & Organizations, detailing their activities and financial status. Prior to Passover break each spring, the organization must choose leadership for the following year and submit updated documents through Campus Groups.

9:5. Revocation of Charter:

GSA Leadership shall reserve the right to revoke the charter of any student organization that fails to comply with GSA policies or does not act in the best interest of the graduate student community. Revocation shall require a two-thirds majority vote of GSA Leadership.

9.6 Club Funding:

Every semester the GSA sets the deadline for clubs to submit their budgets and funding requests. Information about this process can be found on the website. Ideally the deadline for the fall semester is mid-October and the deadline for the spring semester is the end of the second week of February. Clubs will get information about the process as they become chartered and a month before each semester’s deadline.

Article X: Event Planning

10:1. Purpose:

The GSA Leadership shall plan and implement various events, social, professional and academic throughout the academic year to provide opportunities for graduate students to meet each other.

10:2. Implementation:

At the beginning of each semester, the Director of Programming shall lead the Executive Board and Senate in conversation about events for the semester and create a calendar of events. Each semester’s programming should be considered and added to the calendar early in the semester, if not prior to. The Director of Programming shall collaborate with the Director of Treasury & Organizations to ensure appropriate funding for each event. The Director of Programming shall work closely with the GSA Advisor on the logistics of implementation, as at least two weeks’ advance notice are required for each event.

10:3. Elections:

Every semester, the timeline for elections shall be included in the event calendar. In particular, campaigning events for students to meet the candidates shall be planned.

Article XI: Travel and Research Grants (TRG)

11:1. Purpose:

The GSA Leadership shall administer Travel and Research Grants (TRGs) to the graduate student community once every semester.

11:2.

The Director of Treasury & Organizations shall work with the rest of GSA Leadership to determine the deadline and allocation amount each semester for TRGs.

• Deadlines shall include both the deadline for applications and deadlines for awarded students to submit their reimbursement receipts (the latter must be prior to the last day of finals each semester). Receipts can only be processed after return from travel or conference.

11:3.

The Director of Treasury & Organizations shall create a message to notify graduate students about the TRGs and their deadlines and submit this to the Director of Public Relations to include in the GSA newsletter and on social media.

11:4.

The Director of Public Relations shall send the Director of Treasury & Organizations any email questions regarding TRGs. The Director of Treasury & Organizations shall respond to all inquiries and applications. The application form for TRGs goes to the OGA email; the GSA Advisor shall send all applications to the Director of Treasury & Organizations.

11:5.

The Director of Treasury & Organizations shall work with the GSA Advisor to consolidate applications, create a spreadsheet and determine the eligibility of each. This spreadsheet will be shared with the Leadership at the first meeting after the TRG deadline to determine funding.

• Funding is determined by the following criteria:
  • Application includes all necessary information and meets all guidelines
  • Total amount of funding is equally divided by total numbers of applicants, with Masters students receiving priority and not going above requested amount.

11.6.

The Director of Treasury & Organizations notifies each applicant of award or not, requesting all reimbursement receipts to be sent to the GSA Advisor.

Article XII: Elections and Leadership Transition

12: 1.:

The GSA shall hold elections for the GSA Leadership every spring, working closely with the GSA Advisor.

12:2. Elections and Terms:

• Leadership members shall be elected by the GSA membership in an annual election held in the spring semester.
• The term of office for each Leadership member shall be one academic year, beginning June 1 and ending May 31 of the following year.
• There shall be no term limits for Leadership members.

12:3. Election Implementation:

Election days shall be the week prior to the last day of instruction. Campaigning week shall be the week prior to elections. Application week shall be the week prior to campaigns. Nomination week shall be the week prior to applications. Information about elections shall be created by the Board of Trustees representative and shared with the Director of Public Relations to share with the graduate student community one week prior to nominations. Passover break may fall within these weeks, which will simply mean these weeks may not be exactly consecutive.

• Description of GSA Elections shall be sent via GSA newsletter and social media platforms to all graduate students at Brandeis University. The Board of Trustees representative shall create this message to the graduate student community highlighting the work of the GSA and detailing the available executive board roles.

12:4. Nomination Week:

The Board of Trustees representative shall invite in the following year to nominate their own or others’ names via a nomination form. At the end of the week, the Board of Trustees representative shall work with the GSA Advisor to determine that each nomination is eligible.

• Nomination form includes the following questions:
  • Name
  • School/Program
  • Position nominating for
  • Reason for nominating this person for the role(s) mentioned. If you are nominating yourself, explain your interest in serving with GSA Leadership.

12:5. Application Week:

The Board of Trustees representative shall email each eligible nominated student to ask if they are interested in running for office and if so, to submit any supplemental application materials or to edit their response to their reason. At the end of the week, applicants shall be reminded of the campaigning events happening the following week.

12:6. Campaigning Days:

The Board of Trustees representative shall work with the Director of Programming to ensure that there are at least two campaigning events the following week. Applicants shall be invited to attend and campaign at each. The Board of Trustees representative shall provide the Director of Public Relations the campaign materials for each applicant to include in GSA Newsletter and social media.

12:7. Election Days:

The Board of Trustees representative shall work closely with the GSA Advisor to hold elections on the Campus Groups platform. The Board of Trustees representative shall provide the Director of Public Relations information on voting for the GSA Newsletter and social media platforms.

• If candidates get winning votes on multiple seats, candidates shall make a decision within 24 hours regarding the position they want to keep. The runner-up of the position they did not pick will then be notified to serve in that position.

12:8.

On the Monday after elections: GSA election winners shall be announced in GSA Newsletter and social media platforms.

12:9.

GSA Transition and Orientation: shall be held on the study day before finals.

Article XIII: GSA Code of Conduct

13:1. Expected Behavior:

All GSA Leadership members shall address others with respect and dignity, and shall not discriminate (against fellow members, staff, faculty, or other student body members) based on any federally protected category. All GSA Leadership shall be expected, as members of the Brandeis community, to abide by Brandeis guidelines outlined in Rights and Responsibilities. The GSA Code of Conduct shall be in addition to Rights and Responsibilities. To maintain the proper functionality of the GSA and to advocate for the rights of graduate students, each GSA Leadership member shall be expected to:

• Maintain cordial communication with other members of the Executive Board and Senate, as well as with any other student, staff, or professor within the University.
• Comply with the requirements of each position and with the direct instructions given by the GSA Advisor.
• Represent, at all times, the values and qualities of a good leader, aspects of which will be discussed during the training/orientation.
• Respect the functions and tasks of each member of the Leadership, including your own. This implies high responsibility to share feedback and other areas of opportunity for improvement as well as attending GSA meetings and other events at least 70% of the time.

13:2. Interim Restrictions:

In the event of a violation of the GSA Code of Conduct or Brandeis’ Rights and Responsibilities, the GSA Advisor plus a staff member from Student Rights and Community Standards shall reserve the right to impose interim restrictions, including temporary removal from office. If necessary, the GSA Advisor shall call upon an additional impartial staff member to aid in the pursuit of an optimal solution, such as a representative from the Office of Equal Opportunity, the Ombuds, or any other university community member.

13:3. Removal from Office

• Motion of Removal: It shall be the right of any Senator or Executive Board member to set forth a motion to remove an Executive Board or Senate member from Office, if the member’s behavior is deemed grossly detrimental to the function of the GSA by violating the GSA Code of Conduct.
  • A motion for removal shall cite specific charges, in writing, against the Executive Board or Senate member.
  • The GSA Advisor shall be present as an unbiased mediator.
  • If the removal is of an Executive Board member, the remaining E-board is then required to replace the officer by a majority vote.
• Leadership member can be removed from Office by a two-third (66.6 percent) majority vote of the other members of the Executive Board and Senate.
• Right to Appeal Removal: Upon successful vote for removal from office, the individual may appeal the decision within five business days of the vote. Appeals will be submitted and heard by the GSA Advisor, as well as one other neutral staff member. The GSA Advisor will review the appeal against the grounds of the removal for Office and make final determination within 10 academic days. Grounds for removal should be based upon issues of student conduct or breach of the GSA Constitution.

13:4. Absence:

If the President role becomes vacant, the Board of Trustees representative shall become President. If the Board of Trustees representative role becomes vacant, the existing Board members should select a suitable replacement from among themselves by majority vote. If any other board member position or Senator position becomes vacant, a special election should be held to fill the role.

Article XIV: Amendments to Bylaws

14:1. Proposal:

• Amendments to these bylaws may be proposed by any GSA Board Member.
• Proposed amendments shall be submitted in writing to the Executive Board.

Approval:

• The Executive Board shall review proposed amendments and discuss at a GSA meeting.
• Amendments shall be approved by a two-thirds majority of members present at the following GSA meeting.