Office of Student Financial Services

Changes to Federal Financial Aid

Key Changes to Federal Student Loans Made in the Recent One Big Beautiful Bill Act


Enacted in July 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBB) made significant changes in federal student loan programs as a part of the shifts in fiscal policy. While there are no changes to federal student loans for the 2025–26 academic year, changes resulting from the legislation are slated for July 1, 2026

We are continuing to track all of these changes and will update this site as more clarification from the Department of Education (ED) is released. In the meantime, please note:

  • There are no changes to financial aid for the 2025–26 academic year stemming from this legislation.
  • Students starting graduate school before July 1, 2026, may still be eligible for Grad PLUS under current rules. Specific guidance on this transition is expected but not yet available.

Important disclaimer: The information contained on this page is provided by Brandeis financial aid staff to orient students to the changing landscape of federal student loan programs.  While it is based on our good faith understanding of the evolving federal standards, it is not official guidance and should not be regarded by students as definitive. Students should refer to federal governmental sources for official guidance. See studentaid.gov for more information.

What We Know As of September 2025

Grad PLUS Loans

  • Grad PLUS loans will be phased out beginning on July 1, 2026; beginning on that date, new loans will not be available for new borrowers.
  • There will be some continuing eligibility for existing Grad PLUS borrowers as they complete their current degree.

 

Graduate Unsubsidized Direct Loans

  • Graduate programs:
    • Up to $20,500/year, $100,000 lifetime borrowing limit.
  • Existing Unsubsidized loan borrowers can access unsubsidized loans under the current limits until completing their current degree, or for three additional years, whichever is less.

 

Undergraduate and Parent PLUS Loans

  • There are no changes for undergraduate loans, although undergraduate loans will count towards the new lifetime limits.
  • However, starting July 1, 2026, Parent PLUS loans will be capped at $20,000 per student per year, with a $65,000 lifetime limit per dependent student.
  • Existing Parent PLUS borrowers who have borrowed for their students before July 1, 2026, can continue with the current limits for 3 more years or until the student’s current degree ends.

 

Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF)

  • No changes to PSLF provisions, although new limitations on eligibility have been proposed separately from the OBBB in other regulatory action.

What Remains Unclear

Grad PLUS Loans for Existing Borrowers

  • The current indication is that a student who borrows any Direct Loan or Grad PLUS before July 1, 2026, will remain eligible to borrow a Grad PLUS loan for the “3-year or until program completion” window so long as that student remains in the same program at the same school for which they borrowed the pre-July 1, 2026 loan.  We are awaiting further guidance from ED.

 

Loan Proration for Part-Timers

  • The bill includes a provision to prorate loan amounts based on enrollment.
  • This could mean that part-time graduate students (e.g., those enrolled less than full-time) would only be eligible for a portion of the annual loan limit.
  • We are awaiting clarification from ED on how this will be applied to both graduate and undergraduate students.

 

New Repayment Plans

  • For new loans disbursed after July 1, 2026, the bill eliminates current income-driven repayment plans (IBR, PAYE, SAVE) and replaces them with a new Repayment Assistance Program (RAP).
  • Students who have borrowed loans before July 1, 2026, and will borrow a new loan after July 1, 2026, are limited to the new RAP or the standard plans for the new loan.
  • RAP borrowers will not be locked into a 30-year plan. They can switch to a standard plan, which ranges from 10 to 25 years.
  • Borrowers with no new loans made on or after July 1, 2026, can continue to be eligible to enroll in the current Standard, current Income Based (IBR), Graduated, and Extended repayment plans, and could also opt in to the new RAP. Current borrowers enrolled in ICR, PAYE, or SAVE plans must transition to a new repayment plan by July 1, 2028. If no selection is made by that date, they will be moved into RAP.
  • More information on the new RAP is forthcoming.

FAFSA Simplification


Congress instituted the FAFSA Simplification Act, which was a sweeping redesign of the processes and systems used to award federal student aid. These changes impacted the FAFSA application itself starting with the 24-25 academic year.

Changes in Terminology

  • The EFC (Estimated Family Contribution) is now the SAI (Student Aid Index).
  • Room and Board is now Food and Housing.
  • Parents and/or a student's spouse are now Contributors.
  • The Data Retrieval Tool (DRT) is now the Direct Data Exchange (DDX).
  • The Student Aid Report (SAR) is now the FAFSA Submission Summary (FSS)

Changes in the FAFSA Itself

  • All students and contributors are required to give consent for the FAFSA to pull tax information from the IRS.
  • In cases of divorced or separated parents, the custodial parent is determined by whichever parent contributes more financial support to the student. If the amount contributed is the same then the parent with the higher income is used. This tool can be used to help you determine who should be included on your FAFSA.
  • The number of students in college no longer impacts the SAI.
  • All students and contributors are required to have their own FSA ID to complete their portion of the FAFSA.
  • Parents without an SSN can create a StudentAid.gov account.
  • Students can now list up to 20 schools on their FAFSA rather than the previous 10.

FAFSA Simplification FAQs